最近幾天ICHIGO突然出現一種呼吸不順的現象。YUKI是從兩歲半以後才偶爾出現這樣的狀況(約兩三個月發作一次,每次發作時大約持續30秒,發作的那段時間大約持續一週,每天發作一到兩次)。帶YUKI去看過醫生,醫生說應該是吃了太多毛髮梗在胸腔,或是季節轉變,或是對環境過敏,不需要治療。ICHIGO則是這幾天開始出現這樣的現象的,發作前後都蹦蹦跳跳的,然後突然會呼吸不順,很像第四段影片裡那隻馬爾濟思(MARSH)的聲音~
 
剛帶她倆去公園散步,遇到兩隻小瑪的主人(A),一隻比熊的主人(B),還有一隻博美的主人(C)。我一問之下,發現這四隻小型狗竟都有這樣的問題。
(A)說他家狗狗一兩個月就會發作一次,但因體型較大(4公斤左右)所以狀況並沒有很嚴重。每次頂多一兩天~
(B)說他家狗狗從小就會這樣,醫生說小型狗很多都會這樣(reverse sneezing猛烈吸入鼻腔),沒有甚麼方法可以治療~ 通常無害~
(C)說他家以前那隻博美比較嚴重,是屬於氣管塌陷的症狀,結果帶去醫院作手術,手術完沒兩天就過世了。所以現在這隻博美即使也有氣管塌陷,但他們決定再也不讓她作手術了~
 
看ICHIGO小小一隻,每次呼吸不順的時候,我就好緊張~ 深怕她真的會呼不到氣!
============================================
感謝罵許麻的詳細解說~
原始文章位於: http://tw.myblog.yahoo.com/marsh0605/article?mid=944&prev=4652&l=f&fid=56 (裡面有四段影片,YUKI跟ICHIGO發作時的聲音聽起來像是第四個影片的聲音)

____________________________________________________________________

短鼻狗和小型犬最容易遇到氣管的問題   我看過的小瑪也都幾乎有這種疾病

第一次聽到罵許發生豬叫聲的時候我真的嚇壞了   可是當時沒有將罵許發作時的聲音錄下來

所以只能靠口頭敘述給醫生聽   醫生聽完都跟我說這叫做氣管塌陷

我就這樣相信醫生的講法   上網查了一大堆氣管塌陷的文章  

但直到近半年   我才發現我錯了   因為我看到氣管塌陷狗狗發作時的影片   他們所發出的聲音跟罵許發作時發出的聲音不一樣

所以我就將罵許發作時的聲音錄下來   拿給醫生看   醫生這時跟我說這個不叫氣管塌陷   這叫做猛烈吸入鼻腔症狀

接下來就跟大家介紹這兩種疾病   大家不要再搞混囉

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

氣管塌陷(Collapsing Trachea)
原著:Stephen J. Ettinger

Q:什麼是氣管塌陷和造成的原因?

A:氣管塌陷最常發生在中年至老年的狗,在運動、興奮、或喝水過後發生雁鳴樣的咳嗽時就是診斷的暗示,也可能不用去刺激氣管就能發生乾咳。症狀的變化大且包括輕微到嚴重程度的喘氣、呼吸窘迫、和黏膜呈現藍色(發紺),因為腹部肌肉緊張造成不正常的用力呼吸。

狗狗通常是過重的,但是也可能消瘦。常遇有與瓣膜性心臟有關的心雜音問題,因為這兩種問題同時常見於老狗。

當 氣管的軟骨軟化鬆弛時就會造成氣管塌陷。氣管就像比較硬的園藝用水管,從終端看過來,氣管是呈現由緊密的膜覆蓋U型結構頂部的構造。當管子某處的軟骨軟化 鬆弛,該部位就會塌陷,造成結構頂部變寬,覆蓋的膜就鬆弛的懸垂而造成管子內的阻礙,這樣造成呼吸時空氣不能順利的進出氣管和肺部。


Q:氣管塌陷的併發症?

A:氣管塌陷的併發症包括肺臟的問題、心臟疾病和/或衰竭、肝臟腫大、和慢性腎臟機能不全。另外牙齒的感染、其他感染、和肥胖會加重這個疾病。

Q:需要的檢測?

A:氣管塌陷的診斷,最初是參考病史,當獸醫師以手指觸診寵物的頸部能引起咳嗽時可以證實這一點。放射線學診斷(X光)能確認氣管在呼氣及吸氣時的改變。

診斷評估還包括血液樣本的實驗室檢查,以確定原因或併發的問題;還有氣管和肺臟在呼吸時的動態檢查,以及氣管和喉部的內視鏡檢查,和不正常腫大器官的評估。


Q:需要的治療?

A:治療氣管塌陷有四個部份。在急性期,使用讓氣管和肺部放鬆的藥物鎮靜寵物來改善呼吸窘迫和嚴重的咳嗽。液體的積聚以利尿劑來減輕,短效的抗發炎劑減緩腫脹和組織的發炎;若出現感染則使用抗生素。抑制咳嗽的藥劑能暫時減輕不適,抑制咳嗽藥劑(麻醉劑衍生物)對於某些氣管塌陷的寵物可能必須終生使用。

之後,利用減輕氣管壓迫和痙攣的藥劑來降低焦慮感和過度的刺激,通常需要口服鎮咳藥類固醇型的抗發炎藥對於減輕急性惡化的咳嗽可能是有幫助的。

治療要能同時兼顧氣管症狀累及的問題,包括肺部或咽喉反覆的感染、牙科疾病、和咽喉及氣管部位淋巴組織的腫脹;體重控制是很重要的。

可能需要評估甲狀腺功能。繼發於脂肪浸潤或其他疾病造成肝臟的腫大,是這個疾病的不良副作用。許多較小型的狗會同時發生心臟疾病,獸醫師能了解這些問題如何相互影響。不斷的診斷和治療能顯著的改善長期的預後。

當年輕的犬隻發生頸部區域的氣管塌陷可以考慮以外科手術矯正。上了年紀的狗通常併有複雜的其他醫學上的問題,這種情形的狗大部分都不適合外科手術。


Q:預後?

A: 對於許多早期發生氣管塌陷的狗來說預後仍是良好的,但是當發生嚴重的呼吸窘迫時,病況可能變得嚴重、需要終生治療;嚴重咳嗽的發作和呼吸窘迫對於預後有不 好的影響。飼主應該要能察覺這些寵物治療的反應,若對於咳嗽可能繼續發生的程度沒有適當的了解,飼主可能會感覺到挫敗且尋求其他的治療。

氣管塌陷的影片(請大家仔細聽聲音!!!是像鵝的聲音)

 


↓此影片為薄美狗因為吃了大量的花生,造成食道壓迫氣管,產生氣管塌陷

 

↓此圖為薄美狗的x光片:

上圖:因為食道內有異物(花生),所以壓迫到下方的氣管,造成氣管塌陷

下圖:治療一個月後的x光片,發現氣管已恢復(治療方式:鎮咳藥物.擴張氣管類的藥物)

ap_F23_20091011115329869.jpg

↓此影片為約克夏先天性的氣管塌陷

 

↓此圖為約克夏的x光片

上圖:先天性氣管塌陷,氣管過於狹窄,造成呼吸不順暢

下圖:治療一小時後的x光片,發現氣管明顯擴張(治療方式:鎮咳藥物.擴張氣管類的藥物)

ap_F23_20091011115234181.jpg

↓下面兩張圖為罵許氣管的x光片   可以發現罵許的氣管非常的正常   平順且不狹窄

ap_F23_20091011115330951.jpg

ap_F23_20091011115330970.jpg

雖然罵許氣管的x光片非常的正常   但是造成氣管塌陷的另一個原因是鼻軟骨塌陷

鼻軟骨是否有塌陷無法藉由x光片判斷出   因此還是需要請各位拔拔麻麻多多注意家裡狗狗呼吸的聲音是否有所不同喔

  

以下文章引用自我的瑪爾濟斯朋友這本書

ap_F23_20091011115331115.jpg 

氣管塌陷

發病途徑:氣管軟骨異常,造成氣管塌陷,氣管管腔相對狹窄,尤其有呼吸道疾病,尤其容易發生

好發年紀:不限

發病症狀:呼吸困難.鵝叫聲的咳嗽.有時缺氧.休克

治療方式:氣管擴張劑.或重建氣管手術

當家中的瑪爾濟斯忽然沒理由地發生呼吸困難.喘不過氣.咳嗽,甚 至發出類似鵝叫的聲音時,很有可能就是氣管塌陷.很多小型犬都有這方面的問題,通常是氣管有某一小段發生塌陷,另氣體無法輸入肺部,使狗產生呼吸困難的症 狀,一般短時間內就會恢復,但嚴重的氣管塌陷,人可能造成狗狗窒息.缺氧

好發於小型犬的缺陷

此病狀好發於小型犬,這是因為小型犬的身體構造加上遺傳,令氣管的軟骨結構產生異常,或是有外在因素壓迫(如腫瘤),造成氣管狹窄的現象,這些都被統稱為氣管塌陷.往往在狗狗過度興奮.天氣過熱,或晚上睡覺時發生.

氣管塌陷症狀的瑪爾濟斯,可藉由胸腔X光檢查,或者氣管沖洗術來診斷,如果是頸部氣管塌陷,一邊採用胸腔X光檢查時,吸氣會較容易判斷出,反之,吐氣則較容易判斷出胸腔內的氣管塌陷.另外,氣管沖洗術則是利用氣管內視鏡細胞學檢查,進一步了解病因.

謹防呼吸困難造成危險

患有此病症的瑪爾濟斯,通常從小就會陸續出現呼吸困難的情況,一般醫生會予以氣管擴張劑改善,但效果有限.此外,也可施以手術重建氣管,但風險較高,除非是氣管已經嚴重塌陷或感染,有危害生命的情況,否則不建議輕易開刀,內科的治療仍是目前大多數採用的方法.

氣管塌陷大多無法予以太大的改善,倘若症狀沒有持續很久的時間,且恢復後立即就活蹦亂跳,那就代表氣管塌陷的程度尚可,這時只要多留意其活動狀況,以及晚上睡眠的情況即可.若是氣管塌陷後,瑪爾濟斯呼吸困難的症狀持續許久,並有舌頭發紫的現象,那麼情況便相當危急,平時在家準備氧氣瓶.學習心肺復甦術等,也會變的很重要.

此外,氣管塌陷會隨年紀增長或其他疾病伴隨加重症狀,體重的控制是絕對必要的,維持良好的身材比例,瑪爾濟斯的氣管塌陷通常也會控制良好.其次,需要留意天氣的變化,溫差大,或是天氣過冷.或熱,對他們來說都是負擔,也較容易發病,需適時為他們調節體溫.避免感染其他呼吸道疾病(如預防感冒),是相當重要且不可忽略的要務

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

猛烈吸入鼻腔症狀(Reverse Sneezing)

 
這是一種突然性吵嘈鼻腔用力吸氣症狀,常發生於小型犬,經常發生於興奮或飲水後,突然間猛烈地吸氣,同時發出很大聲而且吵嘈的鼻腔及咽喉聲,持續數秒鐘,然後一切又恢復正常,沒有其他呼吸道的症狀出現,主人經常會被這種突如其來的症狀嚇一跳,而且都會一致認為這就是氣喘。
一般認為它是由於咽喉部肌肉暫時性麻痺引起的,也有人認為這是咽喉過敏造成,或是咽喉部積黏液也可能是個誘因。
發生這種症狀的犬隻很容易再次發生,通常不會有惡化的情形,在發生的前後狗都是呈現正常狀態,沒有治療的必要性,發作時幫牠拍拍背就可以了

Q:什麼情況下比較容易發生猛烈吸入鼻腔症狀?

1. 春秋季節變化時,容易發生

2. 喝水喝太快,也有可能發生

3. 喉嚨那邊肌肉痙攣,或者喉嚨裡通往氣管的的開合不全所產生的暫時現象

猛烈

3. 喉嚨那邊肌肉痙攣,或者喉嚨裡通往氣管的的開合不全所產生的暫時現象

猛烈吸入鼻腔症狀影片(影片中的主角是罵許!!請大家仔細聽聲音!!!是像豬的聲音)

 

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

吸入鼻腔症狀   v.s.   氣管塌陷

1.猛烈吸入鼻腔症狀→豬叫聲   v.s.   氣管塌陷→鵝叫聲

2.猛烈吸入鼻腔症狀→沒有治療的必要(不會惡化)   v.s.   氣管塌陷→有治療的必要(會惡化)

3.猛烈吸入鼻腔症狀→發作時間較短   v.s.   氣管塌陷→發作時間較長     

===============================================

我另外在英文網站上也找到一些資料:

這是YOUTUBE上一隻小瑪的reverse sneezing狀況: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lG5k9XVlh3c

Source: http://www.ehow.com/facts_6052592_reverse-vs_-tracheal-collapses-dogs.html

Reverse sneezing and tracheal collapse are two different problems that can affect dogs. Reverse sneezing occurs due to the temporary irritation of a dog's soft palate. Tracheal collapse develops over a long period and may need surgery to correct.

Reverse Sneezing

Reverse sneezing describes a condition known as paroxysmal respiration or pharyngeal gag reflex. According to VetInfo.com, reverse sneezing is not a serious condition but rather is a spasm characterized by a dog gasping and snorting. These spasms can occur in response to strong smells, dust, viruses, leash pulling and excitement.

Treatment: Reverse sneezing can be corrected with throat massage or by covering the dog's nose until the spasm ceases.

Trachea The trachea is a long tube made up of C-shaped cartilage rings. The trachea connects the nose, mouth and throat to the lungs, bringing air into the chest.

Tracheal Collapse Toy dogs are most commonly affected with tracheal collapse, with poodles, Yorkshire terriers and Pomeranians being the three breeds most affected by the condition.

Treatment: Dogs in the early stages of tracheal collapse may be helped by correcting any secondary conditions. Antibiotics, drugs to expand the airway or weight loss might be indicated. Surgery is the treatment of choice for severe disease or when medical treatment is ineffective.

How to Tell If a Dog Is Reverse Sneezing

http://www.ehow.com/how_4422163_tell-dog-reverse-sneezing.html

Reverse sneezing is an involuntary spasm, caused by an irritation of the soft palate. During the spasm, air is rapidly pulled in through the nose and produces a loud snorting, honking or wheezing sound. The reverse sneeze often alarms dog owners, who may think their dogs can't breathe. The condition is minor and generally does not require a veterinarian's attention. However, it is vital to recognize a reverse-sneeze episode and rule out serious conditions, such as a collapsing trachea.

Instructions

  1. Look at your dog's posture. During a reverse-sneezing episode, the dog will stand still and stiff, with his elbows turned outward.
  2. Notice how the dog holds her head. The dog will extend her neck and head upward as she reverse sneezes. Her eyes usually open wide.

  3. Pay attention to the sound the dog makes. During a reverse sneeze, a dog will make a loud snorting and honking sound as the air is drawn inward through the nose. It may sound like "Snork!" If your dog has had more than one of these episodes, you'll notice that reverse sneezing has a very distinctive sound. The sound of a reverse sneezing is similar to a more serious condition, a collapsing trachea. A dog with a weakening and collapsing trachea will have a chronic cough similar to the honking of a goose. A dog with a collapsing trachea makes raspy sounds or coughs when you rub his throat. He will then gag or dry-retch at the end of the cough. Take your dog to the veterinarian if you suspect a collapsing trachea.

  4. Notice how long the episode lasts. Reverse sneezing lasts one to two minutes.

  5. Make sure your dog is behaving normally after the reverse-sneezing episode ends. Call your veterinarian if the dog acts ill or fatigued after a reverse-sneeze attack.

  6. Gently massage the dog's neck or briefly pinch his nostrils shut to get him to swallow and breathe through his mouth. You also can try carefully touching the dog's tongue to stimulate the swallowing reflex, which may shorten an episode.

 

Tips & Warnings

  • Offering the dog something to eat or drink may shorten the reverse-sneezing episode.
  • Take the dog outside into the fresh air.
  • If your dog experiences reverse sneezing after pulling on his leash, switch from a traditional neck collar to a harness collar. The harness will not put pressure on the neck when the dog pulls on his leash.
  • Reverse sneezing often occurs at night or after a nap. It also can be triggered when the dog pulls on a leash or becomes very excited.
  • Consult a veterinarian if the dog has frequent reverse-sneeze attacks. Veterinarians typically test for viral infections, polyps, nasal mites and excessive tissue in the soft palate.
  • Make sure your dog is not choking on a foreign object. If you suspect he has something caught in his throat, take him to veterinarian immediately.
  • If you are worried that your dog may have a collapsing trachea, take him a veterinarian as soon as possible. The major sign of a collapsing trachea is a chronic cough that sounds like a goose honking. The cough often seems violent because the dog is forcing air through the trachea to open it. Dogs experiencing a collapsing trachea cough when excited or after a lot of activity.
  • If you fear that your dog is in serious distress, cannot breathe or collapses, take him to a veterinarian immediately.
  • A reverse sneeze should last no longer than two minutes. If the episode lasts longer, consult with your veterinarian.
  • Your dog should act normally after reverse sneezing. If he appears sick after an episode, take him to the veterinarian for evaluation.

Reverse Sneezing (Pharyngeal Gag Reflex)

Source: http://www.veterinarypartner.com/Content.plx?P=A&A=2335

Authored by: Becky Lundgren, DVM

 

Reverse sneezing is a disconcerting event in which a dog makes unpleasant respiratory sounds that sound like it is dying -- or will die in the next few minutes. Reverse sneezing sounds similar to the honking noise made by a dog with a collapsing trachea, but reverse sneezing is a far simpler condition that usually does not need any treatment. It is called reverse sneezing because it sounds a bit like a dog inhaling sneezes. The sound the dog makes can be so scary that many owners have rushed in a panic to emergency clinics in the middle of the night.

The most common cause of reverse sneezing is an irritation of the soft palate and throat that results in a spasm. During the spasm, the dog’s neck will extend and the chest will expand as the dog tries harder to inhale. The problem is that the trachea has narrowed and it’s hard to get the normal amount of air into the lungs.

Anything that irritates the throat can cause this spasm and subsequent sneeze. Causes include excitement, eating or drinking, exercise intolerance, pulling on a leash, mites, pollen, foreign bodies caught in the throat, perfumes, viruses, household chemicals, allergies, and post-nasal drip. If an irritant in the house is the cause, taking the dog outside can help simply because the dog will no longer be inhaling the irritant. Brachycephalic dogs (those with flat faces, such as Pugs and Boxers) with elongated soft palates occasionally suck the elongated palate into the throat while inhaling, causing reverse sneezing. Small dogs are particularly prone to it, possibly because they have smaller throats.

Reverse sneezing itself rarely requires treatment. If the sneezing stops, the spasm is over. Oftentimes, you can massage the dog’s throat to stop the spasm; sometimes it’s effective to cover the nostrils, which makes the dog swallow, which clears out whatever the irritation is and stops the sneezing. If the episode doesn't end quickly, you can try depressing the dog’s tongue, which opens up the mouth and aids in moving air through the nasal passages. Treatment of the underlying cause, if known, is useful. If mites are in the laryngeal area, your veterinarian may use drugs such as ivermectin to get rid of the mites. If allergies are the root of the problem, your veterinarian may prescribe antihistamines. Because reverse sneezing is not a severe problem, do not worry about leaving your dog home alone; if it occurs when you're not there, the episode will most likely end on its own.

If reverse sneezing becomes a chronic problem rather than an occasional occurrence, your veterinarian may need to look up the nasal passages (rhinoscopy), and may even need to take a biopsy to determine the cause of the problem. Sometimes, however, no cause can be identified.

Some dogs have these episodes their entire lives; some dogs develop the condition only as they age. In most dogs, however, the spasm is a temporary problem that goes away on its own, leaving the dog with no after-effects.

Cats are less likely to reverse sneeze than dogs are.  However, owners should always have the veterinarian examine the cat in case it's feline asthma, and not a reverse sneeze. Feline asthma requires more treatment than reverse sneezing does.

詹小虎九歲了! 學了三年 Suzuki 鋼琴、小提琴 ~ 跟大家分享 (按這裡看小虎彈琴)
arrow
arrow
    全站熱搜

    Kai@Chicago 發表在 痞客邦 留言(6) 人氣()